-ing/-ed 위장 전치사·접속사

regarding — ~에 관하여 Regarding the merger, all details are confidential.

including — ~을 포함하여 All staff, including interns, must attend.

following — ~에 이어서 Following the meeting, a memo was sent.

considering — ~을 감안하면 Considering the budget, we should postpone.

그 외: concerning(~에 관하여), excluding(~을 제외하고), given(~을 고려하면), pending(~을 기다리며)

뒤에 명사(구)만 → 전치사 Regarding the new policy → ✅ 전치사

뒤에 S + V (절) → 분사구문 또는 접속사 We are regarding the situation carefully → ✅ 동사

provided (that) — ~라는 조건으로 You may leave provided that you finish the report.

given (that) — ~을 감안하면 Given that sales dropped, we need a new plan.

assuming (that) — ~라고 가정하면 Assuming the budget is approved, hiring begins.

전치사 (뒤에 명사) Given the circumstances, we extended the deadline.

접속사 (뒤에 that + S + V) Given that circumstances changed, we extended the deadline.